- News
19 June 2017
A*STAR develops manufacturing of hybrid silicon lasers for mass-produced photonic devices
Producing semiconductor lasers on a silicon wafer is a long-held goal for industry, but their fabrication has proved challenging. Now, researchers at the Data Storage Institute (DSI) of Singapore’s Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) say that they have developed a way to manufacture them that is cheap, simple and scalable (Chee-Wei Lee et al, ‘Fabrication and Demonstration of III–V/Si Heterocore Microcavity Lasers via Ultrathin Interlayer Bonding and Dual Hard Mask Techniques’, ACS Photonics (2016) 3 (11), p2191).
Hybrid silicon lasers combine the light-emitting properties of group III–V semiconductors like gallium arsenide and indium phosphide with the maturity of silicon manufacturing techniques. Such lasers are attracting attention as they promise inexpensive, mass-producible optical devices that can integrate with photonic and microelectronic elements on a single silicon chip. They have potential in a wide range of applications, from short-distance data communication to high-speed, long-distance optical transmission.
In existing production processes, lasers are fabricated on separate III–V wafers before being individually aligned to each silicon device — a time-consuming, costly process that limits the number of lasers that can be placed on a chip.
To overcome these limitations, Doris Keh-Ting Ng and her colleagues at the A*STAR Data Storage Institute have developed a method for producing a hybrid III–V semiconductor and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical microcavity, greatly reducing the complexity of the fabrication process and resulting in a more compact device.
“It is very challenging to etch the entire cavity,” says Ng. “Currently, there is no single etch recipe and mask that allows the whole microcavity to be etched, and so we decided to develop a new approach.”
By first attaching a thin film of III–V semiconductor to a silicon oxide (SiO2) wafer using a SOI interlayer thermal bonding process, they produced a strong bond that also removes the need for strong oxidizing agents, such as Piranha solution or hydrofluoric acid.
Also, by using a dual hard-mask technique to etch the microcavity that confined etching to the intended layer, they eliminated the requirement to use multiple overlay lithography and etching cycles — a challenging procedure.
Picture: Oblique angle scanning electron microscopy image of a 500nm-diameter microdisk. Credit: A*STAR Data Storage Institute.
“Our approach cuts down the number of fabrication steps, reduces the use of hazardous chemicals, and requires only one lithography step to complete the process,” says Ng.
The work is said to present, for the first time, a new heterocore configuration and integrated fabrication process that combines low-temperature SiO2 interlayer bonding with dual hard-mask, single lithography patterning.
“The process not only makes it possible to produce heterocore devices, it also greatly reduces the challenges of fabricating them, and could serve as an alternative hybrid microcavity for use by the research community,” reckons Ng.
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00794
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